Any health screening program and preanesthetic patient assessment should include a complete urinalysis, a key element of a minimum database in patients with systemic or urinary tract disease. Interpretation of laboratory tests university of washington. Macroscopic urinalysis notes the amount, color, and clarity of the urine as well as any other visible characteristics of the urine such as the presence of blood or blood clots, precipitates, or sediments. The key elements in the system are the kidneys, a pair of purplishbrown organs. Urinalysis color chart with information on how to interpret the color variations on home urine test strips including what the color changes may mean. Urinalysis is often done as part of a general health evaluation, but ua can also. Urine may be assessed both at the bedside dipstick and in the laboratory microscopy, culture, sensitivity and urinary electrolytes. Values outside the reference range should be interpreted in context with the. The results of the routine urinalysis can be used to help diagnose everything from dehydration to the rare metabolic disorders. The specimens themselves can be either random spot specimens or timed.
Both urine dipstick and urine microscopy are reasonable first line tests for patients who have signs of a urinary tract infection. Home urinalysis test strip color chart and explanations. Basic laboratory tests basic urine tests urinalysis. Interpreting the complete urinalysis results below is a sample report showing the results of the complete urinalysis run with the idexx vetlab suite. Medcram medical lectures explained clearly 43,377 views. Urinalysis is a wonderful tool that aids in diagnosis of several pathologic states. Ideally, the smear should be made from the sediment after centrifugation of the urine sample. Consistent evaluation is best achieved by following a written urinalysis protocol. It is an inexpensive test, and almost every veterinary clinic can perform one inhouse, although some clinic managers prefer to send them to commercial. Store the container in a refrigerator the entire 24 hours. A urinalysis is a group of physical, chemical, and microscopic tests. Bacteria and cells from the surrounding skin can contaminate the sample and interfere with the interpretation of test results.
A complete urinalysis, therefore, includes asepsis should be strictly maintained while collecting. Your healthcare provider can use the results from this test to help diagnose, find, or track many conditions. The way to complete the online urinalysis form on the internet. Physical exam color clarity turbidity urine specific gravity chemical exam ph. A complete urinalysis includes physical, chemical, and microscopic examinations. Many disorders can be diagnosed in their early stages by detecting abnormalities in the urine.
Results of urinalysis provide specific evaluation of the urogenital tract and may reflect systemic changes. Immerse the dipstick completely in the specimen of. Midstream clean collection is acceptable in most situations, but the specimen should be examined within. Complete urinalysis panel interpretation guide scroll down or click on the following parameters to quickly access content a complete urinalysis is threefold. Examination of urine sediment is inexpensive and relatively timely, but somewhat more labor intensive because in most centers, a skilled nephrologist must collect and analyze a fresh urine sample within 2 hours of collection. However, this test offers a great deal of information beyond what is yielded solely by automated. A urinalysis is a urine test best performed on a full bladder first thing in the morning. Urinalysis what does an urinalysis test for, how to. Complete urinalysis panel scroll down or click on the. Elevated specific gravity must be interpreted in light of bun. However, if a significant amount of squamous epithelial cells. Objectives describe which patients may benefit from a urinalysis define the components of a macroscopic, dipstick, and microscopic urinalysis interpret the results of a macroscopic, dipstick, and microscopic urinalysis identify the limitations of a urinalysis. Interpretation of the urinalysis part 1 introduction. Storage, preservation and processing of the urine sample all impact urinalysis results.
Introduction the renal system is a system which is composed of two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder and one urethra. Abnormal results from this test can be indicative of a number of conditions including kidney disease, urinary tract infection or elevated levels of substances which the body is trying to remove through the urine. As the components of the renal system the kidneys have the following functions. Interpretation of urinalysis results urinalysis is used as a screening andor diagnostic tool to detect substances or cellular material in the urine associated with metabolic disorders, renal dysfunction or urinary tract infections uti. Labcorp test details for urinalysis, complete with microscopic examination with reflex to urine culture, routine. Answer this test checks a sample of your pee for things too small to be seen otherwise. Urinalysis using a dipstick reagent strip is an effective screening tool to assess the health status of an individual and detect some diseases and infections. Always wear gloves whilst messing about with another persons pee. This handbook would be a most practical addition to any. Routine urinalysis as performed in most toxicology studies is an imprecise tool, and assays are qualitative or semiquantitative. Detects white cells in the urine pyuria which is associated with urinary tract infection. A complete urinalysis should be performed in the sampling and evaluation of voided urine in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in adults view in chinese however, urinary leukocytes may be altered by refrigeration, possibly affecting interpretation of the urinalysis. The tests detect andor measure several substances in the urine, such as byproducts of normal and abnormal metabolism, cells, cellular fragments, and bacteria urine is produced by the kidneys, two fistsized organs located on either side of the spine at the bottom of the ribcage.
Yet too few clinicians concern themselves with this physiologic renal biopsy. Complete urinalysis health encyclopedia university of. The advanced tools of the editor will direct you through the editable pdf template. Each of the various methods employed to collect a urine sample introduces its particular type of sample contamination, and this must be considered during results interpretation. Basic laboratory tests basic urine tests urinalysis test alternative names occurunits usual normal range examples of conditions in which abnormal values ph, urine ph ph units 4. The complete urinalysis by rick cowell, dvm, ms, dacvp q. Often, substances such as protein or glucose will begin to appear. A urinalysis is a group of chemical and microscopic tests. A complete urinalysis, including sulfosalicylic acid ssa precipitation, was. Urine test urinalysis, types, procedure, and disease. Color yellow lightpale to darkdeep amber clarityturbidity clear or cloudy ph 4. Educate yourself about the urinalysis normal values, so that you can read urine test reports on your own.
Thus, unfortunately, renal diseases, so notorious for their asymptomatic presence, continue to be unrecognized, disregarded, or misdiagnosed because of faulty urine examination techniques and interpretation. This article discusses methods of collecting and testing urine using reagent strips and provides a guide for interpreting the results. The complete blood count cbc is the most frequently requested blood test in new zealand. Those dipsticks make a pretty good catapult for drops of eyeballseeking urine. It is best to make at least 2 smears using 2 different techniques.
Use this stepbystep instruction to fill out the urinalysis report form swiftly and with ideal accuracy. The urinalysis is a simple and noninvasive test that provides valuable information. Cue microscopy, urinalysis microscopy, complete urine exam, urinalysis test, complete urine analysis microscopy. Complete urine examination urine rm test test results. The purpose of the hmx hematology analyzer is to separate the normal participant, with all normal. A complete urinalysis includes physical, chemical, and microscopic. Download the attached pdf and find out what type of information each of the parameters provides and which organ system it relates to. Urinalysis, complete with microscopic examination with. Complete urinalysis is an important component of the minimum database, whether that is utilized as a screening tool for occult disease in a clinically healthy patient or as part of a diagnostic work up for clinical illness, especially when the renal system requires evaluation. Changes in urine color, clarity, volume, odor, or frequency are indications for urinalysis, as are dysuria and stranguria. Urinalysis physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine involves many tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through the urine also used to detect the presence of an infection in the urinary tract. It is important that professionals understand methods for collecting urine, limit the risk of contamination by using reagent strips correctly and accurately interpret results. For healthy females with uncomplicated cystitis no further testing is required.
Urinalysis form fill out and sign printable pdf template. Complete blood count using hmx nhanes 20112012 4 the coulter hmx hematology analyzer is a quantitative, automated hematology analyzers and leukocyte differential cell counters for in vitro diagnostic use in clinical laboratories. The date and time that the laboratory received the sample. Cheesbrough, monica 1987medical laboratory manual for tropical. During a urinalysis, a clean urine sample is collected into a. A urinalysis with positive tests for nitrites, leukocyte esterase, and bacteria is highly suggestive of a urinary tract infection. Interpretation of urine analysis march 2015 denise k link, mpas, pac the university of texas southwestern medical center denise. Although the urinalysis may be the most straightforward of the diagnostic tests available, there is still a touch of artform in its interpretations. A listing of the aspects of the urine that are being evaluated. Interpretation of urinalysis results point of care diagnostics. A listing of the urinalysis results that are normal. The urinalysis is almost always a random specimen, being refrigerated until delivered to the lab. A urinalysis is a test of your urine to screen for, help diagnose andor monitor a wide range of disorders and diseases, such as urinary tract infections utis, kidney disorders, diabetes, liver problems and other metabolic conditions, to name a few.
Urinalysis is a complete examination of urine sample for health objectives. Complete absence of urine excretion, is called anuria. Immerse the dipstick completely in the specimen of fresh urine. A urinalysis, or urine test, is a common medical test in which the urine is examined to diagnose and monitor various illnesses. Complete urinalysis does this test have other names. The information from the macroscopic urinalysis may provide important clues to the health care practitioner performing the test. Page 1 of 21 pages urinalysis results interpretation highlights the urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
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